LM324

The LM324 is a quad operational amplifier IC that consists of four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated op-amps designed to operate from a single power supply over a wide voltage range. It is suitable for various applications in both analog and digital circuits, including amplifiers, filters, and oscillators. The LM324 is known for its low power consumption and versatility, making it a popular choice in many electronic designs. Key Features:
Four independent op-amps in a single package
Single supply operation: 3V to 32V
Dual supply operation: ±1.5V to ±16V
Low supply current: 700µA per amplifier
Internally frequency-compensated for unity gain
Wide bandwidth: 1 MHz
Low input offset voltage: 2mV
Common-mode input voltage range includes ground
Output voltage range includes ground
Technical Specifications:
Number of Amplifiers: 4
Supply Voltage Range: Single supply: 3V to 32V, Dual supply: ±1.5V to ±16V
Input Offset Voltage: Typically 2mV
Input Bias Current: Typically 20nA
Supply Current: 700µA per amplifier
Gain Bandwidth Product: 1 MHz
Slew Rate: 0.5 V/µs
Operating Temperature Range: 0°C to +70°C
Package Types: DIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14
Applications:
Signal conditioning
Sensor interfacing
Active filters
Voltage followers
Integrators and differentiators
Oscillators
Comparators
Audio pre-amplifiers
Usage:
Single Supply Operation:
Connect the Vcc pin to the positive supply voltage and the GND pin to the ground.
Configure the input and feedback components according to the desired application (e.g., amplification, filtering).
Dual Supply Operation:
Connect the positive supply voltage to the Vcc pin and the negative supply voltage to the Vee pin.
Configure the input and feedback components according to the desired application.
Common Applications:
Use resistors, capacitors, and other passive components in the feedback loop to set the gain, frequency response, and other parameters of the op-amp circuit.
Ensure the input voltage levels are within the specified common-mode range for proper operation.
Caution:
Verify the supply voltage and ensure it is within the specified range to avoid damaging the IC.
Handle the IC carefully to avoid electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage.
Check the pin configuration and connections to prevent incorrect wiring and potential circuit malfunction.
Datasheet: For detailed technical specifications, refer to the LM324 Datasheet.